Federalist 51 “These Inventions of Prudence” | Madison on Separation of Powers, Human Nature, and Republican Government
Federalist 50 “Either a Universal Alarm for the Public Safety, or an Absolute Extinction of Liberty” | Madison on the Necessity of Parties
Federalist 49 “The People are the Only Legitimate Fountain of Power” | Madison on Public Passions, Public Reason, and the Stability of Government
Federalist 48: “Give to Each a Constitutional Control over the Others” | Madison on the Practical Implementation of Separation of Powers
Federalist 47: “The Mirror of Political Liberty” | Madison on Montesquieu and the Separation of Powers
Federalist 46: “Substantially Dependent on the Great Body of the Citizens” | Madison on the Basis of the Power of the Federal and State Governments
Federalist 45: “The Happiness of the People of America” | Madison on the Powers of the States and Local Governments under the Constitution
Federalist 44: “No Part of the Power Is Unnecessary or Improper” | Madison on the Necessary and Proper Clause, the Supremacy Clause, and Other Elements of the Constitution
Federalist 43: “The Express Authority of the People Alone” | Madison on Ratification, Amendment, and Other Elements of the Constitution
Federalist 42: “The Necessity of a Superintending Authority” | Madison on Commerce and Foreign Policy